Ndị electrolytes siri ike nwere ọtụtụ uru karịa mmiri electrolytes. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ha nwere ike ibelata nrụrụ electrode n'oge ịchaji na ịchaji, na-eme ka nchekwa dịkwuo mma. Ha nwekwara magburu onwe kwụsie ike, dị mfe hazie, na uto nkelithiumenwere ike ibelata dendrites na ihe mgbaze{0}} polymer siri ike electrolytes efu.
Nnyocha na polymer electrolytes malitere na 1973, mgbe Fenton et al. chọpụtara na ogige polyethylene oxide (PEO) nwere ọla alkali nwere ike iduzi ion. Kemgbe ahụ, polymer electrolytes adọtala mmasị dị ukwuu.
Na 1978, Dr. Armand buru amụma na PEO{2}} dabere siri ike{3}} steeti polymer electrolytes nwere ike iji dị ka electrolytes maka batrị.
N'ime afọ iri abụọ sochirinụ, ndị nchọpụta tinyere nnukwu mbọ n'ịmụ usoro nke iduzi ion na njirimara physicochemical nke electrolyte{0}electrode ókè na batrị, wee nwee ọganihu dị mma.
Batrị lithium{0}ion na-eji polymer electrolytes siri ike nwere ike igbochi nsogbu ntanye jikọtara ya na electrolytes mmiri.
Polymers dị mfe nhazi na enwere ike ịbelata ya. N'ihi nnukwu plasticity ha, a pụkwara iji polymers mepụta batrị ihe nkiri dị gịrịgịrị{1}. Enwere ike ịmepụta batrị dị iche iche site na iji polymer electrolytes iji mezuo ngwa dị iche iche chọrọ. Ọzọkwa, polymer electrolytes na-enye elu kemịkalụ, electrochemical, na thermal nkwụsi ike tụnyere mmiri mmiri electrolytes, na ole na ole n'akụkụ mmeghachi omume na electrodes na a wider na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nso. Mgbanwe nke electrolytes polymer nwere ike ime ka mgbanwe olu dị na electrodes n'oge a na-akwụ ụgwọ na mwepụ, na-eme ka nhazi batrị kwụsie ike. Ya mere, ka emechara ahịa nke batrị mmiri mmiri - ion batrị, teknụzụ batrị lithium{7} ion dabere na polymer electrolytes ga-etolite ngwa ngwa wee nweta azụmahịa na-aga nke ọma.
E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ maka nkewa polymer electrolytes, na ụkpụrụ dịgasị iche iche. Ugbu a, polymer electrolytes siri ike na-amara nke ọma dabere n'ụdị polymer eji, dị ka polyether kacha ewu ewu -based polyethylene oxide (PEO), yana polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) na polyacrylonitrile (PAN). N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, polymer electrolytes kwesịrị izute ọnọdụ ndị a ka ejiri ya mee ihe na batrị lithium{3}}.
Nnukwu ionic conductivity
Nnukwu lithium{0}}nọmba nnyefe ion
Ike igwe dị mma
Window electrochemical sara mbara
Ezigbo kemịkalụ na nkwụsi ike thermal
Na usoro polymer electrolyte dị ugbu a, ndị polymer na-egosipụta kristal dị ịrịba ama na okpomọkụ nke ụlọ, nke na-akọwa ihe kpatara nrụpụta nke polymer electrolytes siri ike na ụlọ okpomọkụ dị ala karịa nke electrolytes mmiri. Ọtụtụ kristal na polymers bụ spherulites, nwere mpaghara amorphous n'etiti ha. A na-ekwenyekarị na nhazi lithium - na-ebute ụzọ na mpaghara ndị a na-adịghị mma.
Ya mere, ịghọta usoro nhazi nke polymers na-enye aka maka ịmụ usoro nhazi lithium{0}.
Maka sistemụ ọnụọgụ abụọ nke polymer electrolyte, usoro nhazi ahụ nwere ụdị abụọ: mpaghara kristal na mpaghara amorphous. Nhazi mpaghara kristal bụ nke kinetically chụpụrụ na metụtara kpọmkwem ọnọdụ nkwadebe na oge. N'ikwu okwu n'ụzọ doro anya, n'ihi ọnụnọ nke mpaghara crystalline na usoro polymer, na mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama nke mpaghara ndị a nwere ọnọdụ dị iche iche, atụnyere conductivity nke ụdị dị iche iche nke polymer electrolytes abụghị nnọọ sayensị. Otú ọ dị, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ bụrụ na uto nke mpaghara kristal na-adị ngwa ngwa na ngbanwe dị na ionic conductivity dị n'ime ebe a na-anakwere, atụnyere conductivity bụ ihe a na-anabata. Nke a bụ ya mere anyị na-ejikarị atụnyere nsonaazụ dị iche iche.
Ebe ọ bụ na uto nke spherulites na polymer bụ oge-dabere, ion conductivity na okpomọkụ n'okpuru ebe mgbaze polymer bụkwa oge{1}} dabere. Ọzọkwa, lithium - ion conductivity nke polymer electrolytes na-emetụta ọnụego kpo oku, ọnụego jụrụ oyi na oge ezumike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ogologo oge ezumike na-ebute nhazi kristal polymer zuru oke yana kristal dị elu, na-eduga na mbelata nke nta nke nta nke ionic conductivity ka opekempe na-abawanye oge ezumike. N'otu aka ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ jụrụ oyi na-adị nwayọọ na-ebute kristal zuru oke, yana conductivity ionic kwekọrọ ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbada ruo opekempe.
Inweta ọnụọgụ abụọ siri ike polymer electrolyte nke PEO na LiCIO4 dị ka ọmụmaatụ, ihe owuwu a nwere ọtụtụ usoro akụkụ. Nke mbụ, LiClO4 na PEO nwere ike ịmepụta ogige dị iche iche, gụnyere PEO6-LiCIO4, PEO3-LiCIO4, PEO2-LiCIO4, na PEO-LiClO4. N'ime ha, mgbe O:Li=10:1, PEO6-LiCIO4 nwere ike mepụta eutectic na PEO, nke nwere ebe mgbaze nke ogo 50. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mgbe okpomọkụ dị elu ruo ogo 160, enwere ike ịmepụta nnukwu eutectic. N'oge usoro dị jụụ, nnukwu eutectic ga-emepụta ụdị spherulites atọ dị iche iche: ụdị nke mbụ na-agbaze n'elu ogo 120 ma nwee nnukwu nnu; Ụdị nke abụọ na-agbaze n'etiti 45 na 60 degrees , nwere obere nnu ọdịnaya, na-etolite nwayọọ nwayọọ; Ụdị nke atọ nwere ebe mgbaze dị ntakịrị ala karịa polymer onye ọbịa ma mepụta ngwa ngwa. Nnyocha na nyocha na-atụ aro na: ụdị mbụ nke spherulite nwere ike ịbụ PEO3-LiCIO4; Ụdị nke abụọ nwere ike ịbụ ngwakọta nke ogige PEO-LiCIO4 na PEO3-LiCIO4; na ụdị nke atọ kwekọrọ na PEO n'onwe ya. Ọzọkwa, ọdịnaya nnu lithium na usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nwere ike iduga na mgbanwe nhazi.
Polymer electrolytes bụ otu klas nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ polymer nwere nnukwu ionic conductivity, nke etolite site na mmeghachi omume mgbagwoju anya n'etiti polymers na salts metal site na iji polymers dị ka matriks. Dabere na matrix polymer, polymer electrolytes nkịtị gụnyere PEO{1}}based polymer electrolytes, PVDE{2}}based polymer electrolytes, PMMA{3}} polymer electrolytes, na ndị ọzọ. N'adịghị ka inorganic siri ike - steeti electrolytes, polymer electrolytes dị fechaa, na-agbanwe ma kwụsie ike. Dị ka inorganic siri ike {{7}Stete electrolytes, polymer electrolytes ọ bụghị nanị na-eduzi ion na lithium batrị ion{8}} kamakwa ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka ihe nkesa batrị. Polymer electrolytes na-enwekarị uru ndị a:
Ọ nwere ike dozie nsogbu nke nhazi lithium dendrite nke ọma na batrị lithium{0}}
Ọ nwere ike ime mgbanwe nke ọma na nrụrụ ahụ n'oge usoro ịchaji na ịwụsa batrị lithium{0}}
Ọ nwere ike ibelata ma ọ bụ ọbụna wepụ mmeghachi omume kemịkal dị n'etiti ihe electrolyte na ihe electrode dị na batrị lithium{0}}
Ọ nwere arụmọrụ nchekwa dị elu
Ogwe ndị dị iche iche nke lithium salts (gụnyere LBF4, LIPF6, LiCFSO4 na LiASF6) na PEO dị ka nke LiCIO4 hibere, nke pụtara na ụdị nnu lithium enweghị mmetụta kpọmkwem na ụdị mgbagwoju anya nke PEO mebere. Kpọmkwem, LiBF nwere ike iji PEO mepụta ogige abụọ: PEO4-LIBF na PEO,S{17}LiBF. Mgbe oke O/Li dị n'etiti 16 na 20, PEO2.5-LIBF4 nwere ike mepụta eutectic na PEO. LPF6 nwekwara ike mepụta ogige abụọ na PEO: PEO6-LiPF6 na PEO: -LiPF6. Ụlọ abụọ ahụ nke LiASF6 hibere na PEO yiri nke LiPF6, mana nwere isi mgbaze dị elu. Nnukwu nnu lithium anion nwekwara ike mepụta ogige na PEO, mana kinetics na-eji nwayọ nwayọ. Ọzọkwa, nrụgide ahụ na-emetụtakwa uto kristal ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Nrụgide dị elu na-akwalite uto spherulite, na-ebelata mpaghara amorphous, ma na-ebelata ihe omume lithium-ion kwekọrọ.