Sistemụ nchekwa ike microgrid na-echekwa oke ọkụ eletrik sitere na isi mmalite ekesa dị ka ogwe anyanwụ ma ọ bụ ikuku ikuku, wee wepụta ike a mgbe mmepụta dara ma ọ bụ na-achọwanye. Sistemu ahụ na-arụ ọrụ site na ụlọ akụ batrị (ọ na-abụkarị lithium{1} ion) ejikọrọ na akụrụngwa ngbanwe ọkụ yana njikwa nwere ọgụgụ isi nke na-ejikwa chaja, ịgbasa, na mgbaba ọkụ n'etiti microgrid, nchekwa na grid bụ isi.
Akụkụ bụ isi nke Sistemụ Nchekwa Ike Microgrid
Usoro nchekwa ike microgrid ọ bụla nwere ihe anọ dị mkpa na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji weghara, chekwaa na ikesa ike eletrik.
Usoro nchekwa ike batrị (BESS) na-etolite obi nke ọrụ ahụ. Batrị lithium{1} ion na-achị ahịa n'ihi na ha na-enye njupụta ume ike ugboro 5 ruo 6 karịa batrị lead{4}} nwere ike mechaa 3,000{10}4,000 chaja cycles tupu ha eweda ikike 80%. N'ịtụnyere, batrị ndu{14}}acid na-ejikwa naanị 400{17}} cycles tupu ọ daa na ikike 50%. Usoro ihe eji eme ihe nwere ike ịdị site na 300 kW/386 kWh maka nrụnye dị nta ruo ọtụtụ megawatts nwere ọtụtụ megawatt-awa nke ikike nchekwa.
Sistemụ njikwa batrị (BMS) na-enyocha voltaji sel n'otu n'otu, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ ụgwọ n'ofe ụlọ akụ batrị niile. Nke a na-egbochi ịchaji karịa, na-achịkwa nguzozi cell, ma na-echebekwa pụọ na mgbapụ ọkụ. Njikwa okpomọkụ dị oke egwu -lithium{3} batrị ion na-arụ ọrụ kacha mma n'etiti 40-110 degrees Fahrenheit, na-achọ nju oyi ma ọ bụ kpo oku n'ọtụtụ nrụnye.
Sistemụ ntụgharị ike na-eme ka oghere dị n'etiti nchekwa batrị DC na ike grid AC. Ebe ọ bụ na batrị na-echekwa ike ka ọ dị ugbu a, mana ọtụtụ grids na-arụ ọrụ na nke ọzọ ugbu a, ndị inverters bidirectional na-ejikwa ntụgharị ahụ n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ. Ndị ntụgharị ntụgharị a na-ejikwa parampat ogo ike dị ka ụkpụrụ voltaji na nkwụsi ike ugboro.
Sistemụ njikwa ike (EMS) na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụbụrụ etiti, na-eme mkpebi n'ezie{0} oge gbasara mgbaba ike. Site na EMS, akụrụngwa ike ekesa, usoro nchekwa, na grid bụ isi na-ejikọta ọnụ iji mee ka mgbanwe gbanwee, nye nkesa mpaghara, ma zere mfu nnyefe. Akụrụngwa a na-enyocha amụma ọgbọ, ibu amụma, ọnụ ahịa ọkụ eletrik na ọnọdụ batrị iji bulie arụmọrụ sistemụ.
Kedu ka ike si aga na sistemụ
Usoro nchaji na ịchaji n'ime usoro nchekwa ike microgrid na-agbaso usoro nhazi nke usoro njikwa nhazi nke na-arụ ọrụ na oge dị iche iche.
N'oge oge ịchaji, mgbe akụkụ anyanwụ na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik karịa ibu ndị obodo na-eri ma ọ bụ mgbe ọnụ ahịa ọkụ eletrik na-ada n'oge awa kacha elu, EMS na-eduzi ike karịrị ya na ụlọ akụ batrị. Usoro ntụgharị ike na-agbanwe ike AC site na ndị na-emepụta ọkụ ma ọ bụ grid ka ọ bụrụ DC ugbu a dabara adaba maka chaja batrị. Mgbe ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ nchekwa ike nwere ikike dị iche iche dị, sistemụ ahụ na-ahazi chaja ha ka obere ngwaọrụ ghara chajịa nke ọma n'ihu ndị buru ibu, dabere na steeti ụgwọ ha.
Usoro mwepụ ahụ na-atụgharị usoro a. Mgbe ọgbọ nwere ike imeghari dara- dị ka mgbe anyanwụ dara maka sistemu anyanwụ{2}}ma ọ bụ mgbe ọkụ eletrik na-arị elu, onye njikwa na-egosi batrị ka ha wepụta ike echekwara. Ihe ntụgharị ntụgharị na-atụgharị ike batrị DC na AC, dabara na voltaji grid na ihe ugboro ole achọrọ. BESS nwere ike ịmalite ịwụsa ike na grid n'ihe dị ka sekọnd abụọ, na-enye nzaghachi ngwa ngwa nke ndị na-emepụta mmanụ ọkụ enweghị ike dakọtara.
Ike ike anaghị adị n'ahịrị mgbe niile. Na grid{1}mode ejikọrọ, microgrid nwere ike nweta ike n'otu oge site na grid bụ isi, mepụta site na isi mmalite mpaghara, chaja batrị, batrị na-ebupụ, ma na-ebu ibu mpaghara{2} ha niile dabere na ihe algọridim njikarịcha na-ekpebi bụ nke kacha baa uru ma ọ bụ ntụkwasị obi n'oge ahụ.
Ihe owuwu njikwa ọkwa atọ{{0}
Sistemụ nchekwa nchekwa ike microgrid ahaziri nke ọma na-eji usoro njikwa usoro nwere ọkwa izizi, nke abụọ na nke atọ na-arụ ọrụ na-eji nwayọ nwayọ nwayọ.
Njikwa isi na-arụ ọrụ na milliseconds, na-eme ka voltaji kwụsie ike na ugboro ole n'ime microgrid. Igwe oyi akwa a na-achọpụta na mgbe nnukwu ibu na-agbanye na mberede ma ọ bụ mmepụta nke anyanwụ dara n'ihi mkpuchi igwe ojii, usoro ahụ na-aza ozugbo iji nọgide na-enwe ike dị mma. Isi njikwa na-ejikwa otu ike na-arụ ọrụ na nke na-emeghachi omume na-ekekọrịta n'etiti ọtụtụ ihe ike ikesa na-enweghị mkpa nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ha.
Njikwa sekọndịrị na-arụ ọrụ na nkeji nkeji{{0} ruo{1}}, na-eme dị ka onye nlekọta etiti. Ọ na-eweghachi voltaji microgrid na ugboro ole ma na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ndịiche kpatara n'ụdị dị iche iche nke ibu ma ọ bụ isi mmalite. Ọkwa a na-agbazi mkpagharị ọ bụla nke njikwa isi enweghị ike ịkọwa nke ọma yana enwere ike ịhazi ya iji mezuo ihe achọrọ dị mma dị ka ịgbazinye voltaji n'ebe njikọ dị oke mkpa.
Njikwa nke atọ na-arụ ọrụ site na nkeji ruo awa, na-elekwasị anya na njikarịcha akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta grid. Ọkwa a na-agụnyekarị amụma ihu igwe, grid tarifu na ibu n'ime awa ma ọ bụ ụbọchị na-esote iji chepụta atụmatụ izipu jenerato nke na-enweta ego nchekwa akụ na ụba. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ nwere ike ikpebi na ịchaji batrị na 2 AM mgbe ọkụ eletrik na-efu $ 0.03 / kWh na ịgbasa na 6 PM mgbe ọnụego ruru $ 0.35 / kWh ga-ebuli ego nchekwa.
Ụdị ọrụ: Grid{0}} Ejikọrọ vs. Island
Sistemụ nchekwa ike Microgrid na-arụ ọrụ n'ụdị abụọ dị iche iche, nke ọ bụla nwere atụmatụ njikwa na ebumnuche dị iche iche.
Na grid -ụkpụrụ ejikọrọ, microgrid na-anọgide na-emekọrịta ya na grid utility isi site na ebe njikọta ọnụ (PCC). N'ebe a, usoro nchekwa ahụ na-enye ọtụtụ iyi bara uru. Ọ na-akpụ afụ ọnụ kacha elu site n'ịgbasa n'oge nnukwu oge{3}} iji belata ụgwọ ọrụ dị oke ọnụ. BESS nwekwara ike ime ka microgrid nwee ike ịgbatịkwu ike- na mwepu akụrụngwa ma ọ bụ mbelata ume nwa oge nke microgrid na-emepụta, BESS nwere ike ịbịa n'ịntanetị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo iji kwado ibu dị oke mkpa. Sistemu ahụ nwekwara ike ịnye ọrụ iwu ugboro ugboro, chaja na ịgbasa ngwa ngwa iji nyere aka dozie ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ grid.
Ụdị agwaetiti na-arụ ọrụ mgbe microgrid kwụsịrị na grid bụ isi, ma ụma ma ọ bụ n'ihi nkwụsị. Mgbe microgrid kwụsịrị na grid ọkụ ma na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya, ikesa ike na-agbanwe agbanwe na ihe gburugburu ebe obibi na enweghị ike ịnye mmepụta kwụsiri ike maka ibu. Nchekwa na-aghọ ihe dị mkpa maka ijikwa oghere ndị a. Usoro njikwa ga-eji nlezianya dozie ọgbọ, ibu na ọnọdụ batrị na-enweghị nkwado mpụga ọ bụla. Ọ bụrụ na batrị agwụla n'oge ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri gbatịrị agbatị, usoro iwu ịkwasa ibu na-akpaghị aka kwụsịrị ibu ndị na-adịghị - iji chekwaa ike maka ọrụ ndị dị mkpa.
Mgbanwe n'etiti ụdịdị chọrọ njikwa ọkaibe. Mgbe achọpụtara ọgba aghara grid, sistemu nchekwa ike microgrid ga-akwụsịrịrị n'ime okirikiri, mepụta voltaji kwụsiri ike na ntụaka ugboro, wee gaa n'ihu na-ebu ibu{1} niile na-enweghị nkwụsịtụ pụtara ìhè nye ndị ọrụ njedebe.
Ezigbo - Ihe atụ mmejuputa ụwa
Inyocha nrụnye n'ezie na-egosi ka tiori si atụgharị gaa na-eme ya na metrik arụmọrụ akọwapụtara.
Enel X rụnyere sistemu nchekwa ike microgrid na ụlọ 625- unit dị na mpaghara Brooklyn's Brownsville, na-ejikọta sistemu fotovoltaic anyanwụ 400 kW, nchekwa ike 300 kW/1.2 MWh, yana igwe mmanụ ọkụ 400 kW. Nhazi a na-enye mgbagwoju anya na ike resilient n'oge grid outages mgbe ị na-ebelata ụgwọ ọkụ eletrik site n'iji onwe ya na anyanwụ na njikwa ụgwọ ọrụ.
N'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ka ukwuu, anyanwụ Enel X{0}}gbakwunyere{1} microgrid nchekwa maka ụlọ ọrụ Eaton Electric dị na Las Piedras, Puerto Rico na-ejikọta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 5 MW nke ike fotovoltaic anyanwụ yana ihe dịka 1.1 MW/2.2 MWh nke nchekwa batrị. Ike nchekwa dị ukwuu na-enye ohere ka akụrụngwa gbanwee ọgbọ nke anyanwụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu nke etiti ehihie ruo oge mgbede chọrọ.
NREL kwadoro mmepe nke igwe atọ {{0}tiered, 300-kW/386-kWh grid{6}}nke ejiri lithium{7}}ion, nickel cadmium, na batrị lead acid ahaziri iji wepụta nguzozi kwesịrị ekwesị nke ike na ike dị. Usoro kemistri a ọtụtụ- na-egosi otu teknụzụ batrị dị iche iche nwere ike isi kwado ibe ya{9}}lithium{10}}ion maka ike ike, lead-acid maka ike dị ọnụ ala, yana nickel cadmium maka nnabata okpomọkụ.
Na 2024, e nyere microgrids ọhụrụ 59 ọrụ mkpokọta 241 MW, yana microgrids nchekwa ike na-ebuga 19.5 MW ma ọ bụ 33.2 MWh ọzọ. United States tinyere 11.9 GW nke nchekwa ike batrị na 2024 naanị, ebe a na-atụ anya na ahịa ahụ ga-eru 18.2 GW nke nrụnye ọhụrụ{9}} na 2025.
Ọrụ arụ ọrụ igodo
Sistemụ nchekwa ike microgrid na-arụ ọrụ atọ dị egwu nke na-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti microgrids ọgbara ọhụrụ na ndị na-emepụta ndabere dị mfe.
Ike mkpezi ike na ngbanwe ibu na-anọchite anya ọrụ akụ na ụba bụ isi. Site na ịchaji batrị n'oge ọ na-adịghị - oge kacha elu (nke na-abụkarị n'abali) na iji ike echekwara n'oge oge kacha elu (na-emekarị n'ehihie na n'isi mgbede), sistemụ nwere ike ibelata ụgwọ ọkụ eletrik nke ukwuu, yana ọtụtụ ndị nwe ụlọ na-ekwupụta ego 30-50% na ụgwọ ike kwa ọnwa. Microgrids azụmahịa na-erigbu oge-ụkpụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ojiji ọbụna karịa ike, mgbe ụfọdụ na-enweta mbelata 60-70% na ụgwọ ndị chọrọ.
Njikwa ogo ike na-agwa voltaji na nkwụsi ike ugboro ole. Site n'ịchịkwa sistemụ ntụgharị ike nchekwa ike, sistemụ ahụ na-edozi nrụpụta ike na-arụ ọrụ na nke na-arụ ọrụ na microgrid ka ọ na-edozi dips voltaji na sags. Mgbe nnukwu moto na-amalite, na-emepụta mgbada voltaji ozugbo, usoro nchekwa ahụ na-agbanye ike mmeghachi omume n'ime milliseconds iji kwụọ ụgwọ. Nke a na-egbochi mmebi akụrụngwa yana nkwụsị usoro.
Ntugharị ume ọhụrụ na-ekpochapụ mgbanwe nsogbu nke ọgbọ anyanwụ na ifufe. Igwe ojii na-agafe n'usoro anyanwụ nwere ike ime ka mmepụta daa 80% n'ime sekọnd. Enweghị nchekwa, nke a ga-ebute oke voltaji na njem nlegharị anya ugboro ugboro. Usoro nchekwa nchekwa ike na-eme ka mgbanwe nke ike kesara dị ike, na-enye mmepụta na-adịgide adịgide, ma na-enye aka nkesa mpaghara nke ọgbọ ọhụrụ. A na-akwụ ụgwọ nchekwa ahụ n'oge mmepụta dị elu nke mmeghari ohuru na mwepu n'oge ezumike, na-egosi profaịlụ ike kwụ ọtọ na ibu na grid.
Ihe ịma aka nka na ihe ngwọta
N'agbanyeghị uru egosipụtara, itinye usoro nchekwa nchekwa microgrid na-eche ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka injinia ihu nke ndị ọrụ ga-edozirịrị.
Nbibi batrị na-emetụta ma ikike yana nchekwa ka oge na-aga. Imirikiti batrị lithium dị mma nkezi gburugburu okirikiri 4,000 tupu ọ daa na 80% nke ikike izizi. N'otu okirikiri zuru oke kwa ụbọchị, nke a na-atụgharị n'ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 11. Otú ọ dị, mwepu miri emi na okpomọkụ dị elu na-eme ka mmebi ahụ dịkwuo elu. Smart EMS algọridim ugbu a na-ebuli ụkpụrụ nchaji iji belata nrụgide- dịka ọmụmaatụ, idobe batrị n'etiti 20-80% steeti ụgwọ n'oge arụ ọrụ nkịtị yana idobe ikike zuru oke maka ihe mberede.
Mgbagwoju anya njikwa na-abawanye nke ukwuu site na nha sistemu yana ọnụọgụ akụrụngwa kesara. Microgrid nwere ọtụtụ usoro mbara igwe, igwe ikuku ikuku, ndị na-emepụta ọkụ, na ụlọ akụ batrị chọrọ ịhazi ọtụtụ ndị ntụgharị na njikwa. A na-akpọ obere microgrids mgbe ụfọdụ nanogrids mgbe ha na-eje ozi n'otu ụlọ, yana njikọ nke multiple nanogrids na-etolite netwọk na-eme ka ikesa ike n'etiti sistemụ mmadụ. Ụzọ nchịkọta a na-eme ka njikwa dị mfe site na ịmepụta ọkwa ebe ndị nchịkwa obodo na-ejikwa nanogrids n'otu n'otu yana onye nlekọta etiti na-ahazi inter{{3} nanogrid ike na-asọ.
Ọnụ ego na-anọgide na-abụ nnukwu ihe mgbochi n'agbanyeghị ọnụ ahịa batrị dara. Nnyocha 2018 NREL chọpụtara microgrids na kọntinent United States na-efu ihe ruru $2-5 nde kwa megawatt iji tolite. Agbanyeghị, nchekwa ike zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ahịa microgrids na-atụ anya iru $ 2.1 ijeri site na 2024-2028, na-agbasa na 22.79% CAGR, akụ na ụba na-ebu ibu. Ụdị ego dị ka nkwekọrịta ọrụ Microgrid ugbu a na-enye ndị otu aka ibuga sistemụ na-enweghị isi ego n'ihu.
Teknụzụ na-apụta na mmepe n'ọdịnihu
Okirikiri sistemụ nchekwa ike microgrid na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu karịa sistemụ lithium ọdịnala{0}}.
Chemistry batrị ọzọ na-enweta mmasị maka ngwa akọwapụtara. Ka ọ na-erule 2024, batrị lithium iron phosphate (LFP) abụrụla ihe dị mkpa maka nchekwa buru ibu n'ihi nnweta akụrụngwa dị elu, ogologo ndụ yana nchekwa dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere nickel{2}based lithium- chemistries. Batrị ndị na-efe efe na-enye uru dị iche iche- ndụ okirikiri na-akparaghị ókè yana nleba anya nke ike na ike ike{6}} na-eme ka ha maa mma maka ogologo oge- ngwa nchekwa oge.
Eletriki {{0}hydrogen{1}}amonia tinyere microgrids na-enye adreesị - na-achọ ahaghị nhata site na iji ụdị nchekwa ike atọ na-eme mgbanwe maka mgbanwe ọkụ eletrik n'oge dị iche iche. Igwe oyi akwa na-arụ ọrụ kwa afọ yana usoro oge kwa izu maka nchekwa amonia, ebe oyi akwa na-agba kwa izu na usoro elekere maka hydrogen na ọkụ eletrik. Usoro nke ọtụtụ - a na-ejikwa oge dị iche iche nke batrị naanị ya enweghị ike ikwu maka ọnọdụ akụ na ụba.
Nkwalite ọgụgụ isi arụrụ arụ na-agbanwe njikwa ike na sistemụ nchekwa microgrid dị elu. Algọridim mmụta igwe na-ebu amụma ọgbọ nke anyanwụ, usoro ibu, na ọnụ ahịa ọkụ eletrik na-abawanye nke ọma, na-enye atụmatụ izipu ọkaibe karịa. Usoro dị elu nwere ike inye njedebe{2} na{3}} njedebe njikwa microgrid site na iji mmụta igwe dịka mmụta nkwado miri emi, na-aga n'ihu na-emewanye arụmọrụ dabere na data akụkọ ihe mere eme yana nzaghachi oge{{4}.
Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị
Ogologo oge ole ka microgrid nwere ike ịgba ọsọ na nchekwa batrị naanị?
Oge ịgba ọsọ dabere n'ikike batrị na ibu ibu. Sistemụ nchekwa nchekwa ike microgrid ebe obibi nwere 10-15 kWh nke nchekwa nwere ike ibunye ibu dị mkpa maka awa 4-8. Sistemu buru ibu dị ka nrụnye 300 kW/1.2 MWh na Brownsville nwere ike inye awa anọ nke ike zuru oke ma ọ bụ gbatịa ruo awa 12+ mgbe ọ na-eje naanị ibu dị oke egwu. A na-atụkarị usoro azụmaahịa maka awa 2-4 n'ịdị elu, n'agbanyeghị na ụfọdụ akụrụngwa dị egwu na-akọwapụta awa 8-24 nke nkwado ndabere na mpaghara.
Kedu ihe na-eme mgbe batrị ruru chaja n'oge mmepụta anyanwụ dị elu?
EMS nwere ọtụtụ nhọrọ: mbupụ ike karịrị akarị na grid bụ isi ma ọ bụrụ na grid - ejikọrọ na net meter dị, belata ọgbọ mmeghari ohuru site n'ịkwụsị oghere anyanwụ ma ọ bụ igwe ikuku ikuku, ma ọ bụ gbanwee ibu na-agbanwe agbanwe dị ka ikpo ọkụ mmiri ma ọ bụ HVAC tupu{1} jụrụ oyi iji rie ihe ọ bụla. N'ime oge ibu dị ala, sistemụ nchekwa ike na-echekwa ike karịrị ike sitere na akụrụngwa ike kesara maka ntọhapụ n'oge oke oke chọrọ.
Nchekwa ume nwere ike ibelata ụgwọ ndị ahịa na-achọ maka ndị ahịa?
Ee, nke a bụ otu n'ime ngwa bara uru. Ụgwọ a na-achọsi ike dabere na ike kacha elu n'oge oge ịgba ụgwọ, na-enwekarị 30-70% nke ụgwọ ọkụ eletrik azụmahịa. Sistemụ nchekwa na-eso ike na-adọba ike echekwara mgbe ọ bụla oriri na-abịaru nso n'ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ugbu a, "na-akpụ afụ" profaịlụ chọrọ. Ọbụlagodi sistemụ batrị dị obere nke na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu site na 20-30% nwere ike wepụta nnukwu ego na nnukwu akaụntụ azụmahịa.
Kedu ka usoro ahụ si echekwa nchekwa na nnukwu ụlọ akụ batrị?
Ọtụtụ n'ígwé nke nchedo nlekota na jikwaa ọrụ batrị. BMS na-aga n'ihu na-enyocha voltaji, ugbu a na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke cell ọ bụla megide oke nchekwa. Ọ bụrụ na oke ọ bụla gafere ọnụ ụzọ, sistemụ ahụ ga-akwụsị chaja ma ọ bụ ịchaji ozugbo. Nchekwa anụ ahụ gụnyere sistemu njikwa okpomọkụ iji gbochie ikpo oke ọkụ, mgbawa - ihe akaebe maka ntọhapụ gas, sistemu mgbanyụ ọkụ, na mwepu iche nke nwere ike ịpụpụ batrị na njikọ mpụga niile. Ọdịda BESS mere nke ukwuu na njikwa na nguzozi nke akụrụngwa sistemụ, ebe naanị 11% mere na sel n'onwe ha.
Njikọ nke nchekwa ike na-agbanwe microgrids site na usoro nkwado ndabere na mpaghara dị mfe gaa na nyiwe ọkaibe nke na-ebuga ntụkwasị obi, akụnụba, na uru gburugburu ebe obibi. Ka ọnụ ahịa batrị na-aga n'ihu na-agbada ma sistemụ njikwa na-enwekwu ọgụgụ isi, na-atụ anya nnabata ngwa ngwa nke sistemụ nchekwa ike microgrid n'ofe ebe obibi, azụmahịa na akụrụngwa. Teknụzụ ahụ etoola site na nrụnye nnwale ruo na akụrụngwa egosipụtara na-ejere ọtụtụ nde mmadụ ozi n'ụwa niile, yana amụma uto ahịa na-akwado ọnọdụ a site na 2030 na gafere.