Nchekwa ike eletrikitumadi na-agụnye nchekwa ike nke supercapacitor na nchekwa ike na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Nke mbụ na-echekwa ike eletrik n'ime ọkụ eletrik, ebe nke ikpeazụ na-echekwa ike eletrik na oghere magnetik. Nchekwa ọkụ eletrik nwere uru dị ịrịba ama na njupụta ike na ndụ okirikiri, nwere ike ibelata mmetụta nke mwepu ọkụ ozugbo, gbochie oscillations ọkụ dị ala{2} ugboro ugboro na grid, ma melite njirimara voltaji na ugboro ole.
Nchekwa ike supercapaccitor
Supercapacitors, makwaara dị ka electrochemical capacitors, bụ ngwaọrụ nchekwa ike na-echekwa ike site na mkpokọta nke ụgwọ n'elu electrode. Usoro nchekwa ike ha dị iche na batrị ọdịnala; ha na-echekwa ike site na ụgwọ nke oyi akwa okpukpu abụọ kpụrụ na electrode{1}}electrolyte interface. Ndị nwere ikike nwere nnukwu ike njupụta, ultra{3}} ogologo ndụ okirikiri, yana ike ịwepu ngwa ngwa{4}}, si otú ahụ na-achọta ngwa zuru ebe niile n'ime ụgbọ ala eletrik, sistemu breeki na-emegharịgharị, ihe enyemaka nkwado ndabere na mpaghara, yana ụkpụrụ grid ugboro. Otú ọ dị, njupụta ume nke supercapacitors dị ntakịrị, dị nnọọ ala karịa nke batrị lithium{6}}, na-eme ka ha dabara maka ngwa chọrọ obere oge -, ngwa ike dị elu -. N'ọdịnihu, na ọganihu na sayensị ihe, a na-atụ anya njupụta ike nke supercapacitors ga-abawanye, si otú ahụ gbasaa ngwa ha na ahịa nchekwa ike.
Enwere ike kewaa supercapacitors n'ụdị atọ: eletriki okpukpu abụọ{0}Layer capacitors, Faraday capacitors, na ngwakọ supercapacitors. Igwe ọkụ ọkụ okpukpu abụọ{2}Layer capacitors na-eji ihe carbon dị ka electrodes, ebe nkewa ụgwọ na-apụta na ebe siri ike{3}}mmiri mmiri mebere site na kọntaktị na electrolyte, na-ekepụta igwe eletriki okpukpu abụọ{{4}ọkwa oyi akwa. Ndị a capacitors na-enweta mgbasa ozi ụgwọ anụ ahụ yana usoro mkpochapụ n'oge ịchaji na nchaji. N'agbanyeghi na igwe eletriki igwe igwe{{7}Layer capacitors nwere ike nju di ogologo na ogologo ndu, nju ume ha di obere. Ugbu a, ngwaọrụ ndị a enwetala ngwa azụmahịa.
Faraday capacitors na-eji metal oxides ma ọ bụ conductive polymers dị ka electrode ihe, ebe adsorption capacitance a kpụrụ site redox mmeghachi omume n'elu na-emighị emi nnukwu mpaghara nke ihe ndị a. Ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke ụdị capacitor a yiri usoro mmeghachi omume na batrị; N'inye mpaghara elu electrode yiri nke ahụ, ọ nwere ike inye ọtụtụ ugboro ike ike nke igwe eletrik okpukpu abụọ{1}}Layer capacitor. Agbanyeghị, n'ihe gbasara njirimara ike maka mwepu dị elu ozugbo na ndụ okirikiri, Faraday capacitors anaghị arụ ọrụ yana igwe eletriki igwe okpukpu abụọ-Layer capacitors. Ọzọkwa, Faraday capacitors na-echekwa ihe ịma aka ndị dị ka ọnụ ahịa nrụpụta dị elu na teknụzụ etolitebeghị nke ọma.
Ngwakọta supercapacitors bụ ndị ama ama maka ike ike ha dị elu yana ogologo ndụ ha. Ọ bụ ezie na ugbu a na mmalite mmalite nke azụmahịa, ha nwere nnukwu ikike mmepe n'ọdịnihu.
Nchekwa ike na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma
Nchekwa ike superconducting bụ teknụzụ nchekwa ike electromagnetic nke na-eji superconductors na-echekwa ike eletrik na ọnọdụ nguzogide- efu. Ụkpụrụ ọrụ ya na-agụnye ịmepụta oghere magnetik siri ike site na ugbu a kpọmkwem na eriri igwe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, si otú ahụ na-echekwa ike, na ịtọhapụ ya site na mwepu dị ugbu a mgbe ọ dị mkpa. N'ihi na superconductors enweghị nguzogide na obere okpomọkụ, superconducting ike nchekwa usoro nwere ike nweta oke oke ụgwọ na mwepu arụmọrụ na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dịghị ike ọnwụ. Ọzọkwa, nnukwu nchekwa nchekwa ike nwere oge nzaghachi ngwa ngwa, na-enweta ụgwọ na mwepu na milliseconds, na-eme ka ọ dabara maka ụkpụrụ voltaji ozugbo na njikwa ugboro ugboro na sistemụ ike. Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ahịa nke usoro nchekwa nchekwa ike dị elu, karịsịa site na mmepe nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na nkà na ụzụ jụrụ oyi. Ya mere, ngwa dị ugbu a na-atụkwasịkarị n'ubi pụrụ iche chọrọ nnukwu-ike, nchekwa ike dị mkpirikpi-, dị ka nkwụsi ike grid na akụrụngwa agha.
Ihe ndị na-arụkarị ọrụ na-agụnye obere - okpomọkụ superconductors dị ka Nb-Ti na Nb3Sn, na elu{3}} okpomọkụ dị ka Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) na Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide (BSCCO). Ndị na-ahụ maka okpomọkụ dị elu{5} nwere okpomọkụ dị oke egwu karịa ndị na-ahụ maka okpomọkụ dị ala, na-ebelata ihe jụrụ oyi na-eme ka usoro nchekwa nchekwa ike dị elu karịa nke bara uru na nke akụ na ụba.